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![]() A radiofax image sent across the Pacific Ocean February 23, 1945. Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, by Joe Rosenthal working for the AP Radiofax, and HF fax (due to its common use on shortwave radio), is an analogue mode for transmitting monochrome images. Prior to the advent of the commercial telephone line fax machine, it was known, more traditionally, by the term radiofacsimile. It was the primary method of sending photographs from remote sites (especially islands) from the 1930s to the early 1970s. Radio fax is still in limited use today for transmitting weather charts and information to ships at sea. Ranger an electrical engineer working at Radio Corporation of America invented a method for sending photographs through radio transmissions. He called his system the wireless photoradiogram, in contrast to the fifty-year-old telefacsimile devices which used first telegraphic wires, and then later was adapted to use the newer telephone wires. On 29 November 1924, Rangers system was used to send a photograph from New York City to London. TIt was an image of President Calvin Coolidge and was the first trasoceanic radio transmission of a photograph. Ives transmitted the first color photograph. Children read a wirelessly-transmitted newspaper in 1938. The Finch Facsimile system was introduced in the late 1930s, and used to transmit a radio newspaper to private homes. The system used ordinary, home, radio-receivers equipped with Finchs thermal paper printer. The radiofacsimile of the newspaper was transmitted by commercial AM radio stations. During World War II thousands of photographs were transmitted from Europe, and from the Pacific Islands, to the United States. The major news agencies (AP, UPI, Reuters), maintained their own transoceanic radio facsimile transmitters as close to the action as they could. The iconic flag raising on Iwo Jima was printed in hundreds of American newspapers within a day of being taken, because it was transmitted from Guam to New York City by wireless radiofacsimile, a distance of 12,781 km (7,942 mi). Beginning in the late 1930s, the Finch Facsimile system was used to transmit a radio newspaper to private homes via commercial AM radio stations and ordinary radio receivers equipped with Finchs printer, which used thermal paper. Sensing a new and potentially golden opportunity, competitors soon entered the field, but the printer and special paper were expensive luxuries, AM radio transmission was very slow and vulnerable to static, and the newspaper was too small. After more than ten years of repeated attempts by Finch and others to establish such a service as a viable business, the public, apparently quite content with its cheaper and much more substantial home-delivered daily newspapers, and with conventional spoken radio bulletins to provide any hot news, still showed only a passing curiosity about the new medium. By the late 1940s, radiofax receivers were sufficiently miniaturized to be fitted beneath the dashboard of Western Unions Telecar telegram delivery vehicles. ![]() Weatherfax edit A marine radio fax news from Tokyo Radio JJC Station received using MIXW with a SSB HF communication receiver. A decade after the introduction of radiofax National Weather Service (NWS) began transmitting weather maps using the radiofax technology. The NWS named this new service weatherfax (portmanteau word from the words weatherfacsimile) The cover of the regular NOAA publication on frequencies and schedules states Worldwide Marine Radiofacsimile Broadcast Schedules. Facsimile machines were used in the 1950s to transmit weather charts across the United States via land-lines first and then internationally via HF radio. Radio transmission of weather charts provides an enormous amount of flexibility to marine and aviation users for they now have the latest weather information and forecasts at their fingertips to use in the planning of voyages. Radiofax relies on facsimile technology where printed information is scanned line by line and encoded into an electrical signal which can then be transmitted via physical line or radio waves to remote locations.
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